Key Rating Drivers & Detailed Description
Strengths
Strong support extended by the parent, Vedanta
FACOR is a subsidiary of Vedanta, which has strong oversight over the company’s operations with all the board members and top management brought in from various group entities. The parent shall also issue a letter of comfort for the proposed bank facilities of FACOR. It has extended an unsecured loan to fund the acquisition and support operations in the initial period post acquisition. Hence, though operations of FACOR are now self-sustainable, the parent will offer timely support as required.
Established market position in the domestic ferro chrome industry
FACOR has a production capacity of 75,000 ton per annum, with an estimated market share (in terms of capacity) of around 5% in the domestic FC industry. Ongoing capacity addition of 60,000 tonnes per annum should further boost the market position.
The company caters to established players such as SAIL, JSW Steel, POSCO, and maintains high utilisation rates, aided by an inflow of repeat orders. company has strong presence in the export market, with exports accounting for 30-60% of revenue over fiscals 2019 to 2021.
Improving operating performance with healthy margin post acquisition by Vedanta
FACOR has backward integration to chrome ore mines, a critical input for manufacturing FC alloys. As market prices of chrome ore are significantly higher than those produced in-house, backward integration provides a competitive advantage. Increase in mining capacity from 150,000 tonnes/annum to 250,000 tonnes/annum, post takeover by Vedanta, has further improved in-house sourcing of chrome ore to 100% in fiscal 2022, from around 70% till fiscal 2021. The company also has a captive power plant, operated under subsidiary, FPL. Though lack of coal supply linkages limits the benefit, it ensures access to power at rates lower than merchant power.
Competitive advantage over smaller players has helped the company maintain superior capacity utilisation of over 90%, as against the industry average of around 85% over fiscals 2017 to 2021. Utilisation levels exceeded 100% during fiscal 2022, as the demand scenario improved.
Strong rebound in demand led to a sharp rise in realisations during fiscal 2022 with average realisations of around 110,000/tonne during fiscal 2022, vis-à-vis around 69,000/tonne in fiscal 2021. Better realisations helped FACOR post strong revenue growth during fiscal 2022. Revenue and EBITDA margin of Rs 833 crore and around 36% were reported during fiscal 2022, against Rs 489 crore and 15.4% for fiscal 2021. However, during first nine months of fiscal 2023, FACOR reported revenue of Rs 563 crore with EBITDA margin of 20%, as cost of production was high, mainly due to energy cost, impacting margins for the industry players. Cost of production during current fiscal was also impacted by planned maintenance during first half of the fiscal.
Operating efficiency is also supported by efficient working capital management with the net capital cycle consistently maintained below 50 days.
Healthy financial risk profile
Vedanta acquired FACOR in September 2020, under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, for a total cost of Rs 398 crore (at haircut of around 67%). This, along with scheduled debt repayment, had reduced the consolidated debt (including accrued interest) to Rs 218 crore as of March 2021, and further to Rs 128 crore as on March 2022, from Rs 1,200 crore (including accumulated interest) as on March 31, 2020.
Financial risk profile is further supported by healthy networth, estimated around Rs 755 crore as on March 31, 2022 (vis-à-vis Rs 551 crore as on March 31, 2021), led by healthy accretion to reserves. Debt protection metrics have significantly improved on the back of reduced debt and improved profitability, marked by interest coverage, net cash accrual to total debt and leverage (debt to EBITDA) ratios estimated around 21 times, 1.26 times and 0.15 time, respectively, for fiscal 2022 (-8.4 times, -0.25 time and 2.11 times, respectively a year earlier). Also, gearing is low, around 0.25 time estimated as on March 31, 2022 (0.26 time, a year earlier). Capex (including sustenance and expansion capex) of around Rs 370 crore, being undertaken over fiscals 2022 and 2023, is to be largely funded through internal accruals. Hence, gearing is expected to be below 0.3 time over the medium term.
Realisations and profitability are expected to moderate over the medium term, however the same are still expected to remain healthy. This, coupled with, robust demand outlook should support healthy cash flows, which shall be sufficient to meet its debt repayment obligations. Capex is also expected to be largely funded through internal accruals. Debt protection metrics are expected to remain comfortable over the medium term.
Weakness:
Susceptibility to cyclicality in demand and volatility in prices of finished goods as well as raw materials
Ferroalloys (including FC) are intermediates for the steel industry. Hence, prospects of the ferroalloy industry are linked to those of the steel industry (stainless steel is the primary consumer of FC). The steel industry is inherently cyclical, as indicated by a downswing during fiscals 2009 and 2016, resulting in a sharp fall in the demand for, and prices of, ferroalloys.
Further, operating margin remains vulnerable to fluctuations in prices of inputs such as coal and coke, as well as realisations of finished goods. Any sharp change in input prices with no similar change in realisations, coupled with cyclical demand, can impact profitability.
Liquidity: Adequate
Liquidity is supported by strong cash and bank balance of around Rs 120 crore as of March 2022. FACOR is expected to generate net cash accrual of over Rs 150 crore per fiscal over 2022-2024, against yearly debt repayment of Rs 71 crore during the same period. This should suffice to cover majority of its planned capex and incremental working capital. Liquidity is also supported by need-based support available from the parent, Vedanta.